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Agilent TechnologiesAgilent 34450A 5½ Digit MultimeterUser’s Guide34450A UG.book Page I Tuesday, July 23, 2013 2:43 PM

X 34450A User’s GuideDeclaration of Conformity (DoC)The Declaration of Conformity (DoC) for this instrument is available on the Web site. You can sear

80 34450A Users Guide3 Measurement Tutorial Measurement Speed ConsiderationThere are two methods of integrating the sampled data taken in the measure

Measurement Tutorial 3 34450A Users Guide 81Dual Measurement ConsiderationsThe dual measurements mode allows users to make two measurements in one dis

82 34450A Users Guide3 Measurement Tutorial Figure 3-3 ADC Dynamic RangeConsider an AC component of 1 Vrms signal with a DC offset of 100 mV. When me

Measurement Tutorial 3 34450A Users Guide 83Considering the internal resistance and external lead resistance total is 0.0125 ohm. If applying a 1 A DC

84 34450A Users Guide3 Measurement Tutorial Resistance Measurement ConsiderationsWhen measuring resistance, the test current flows from the input HI

Measurement Tutorial 3 34450A Users Guide 85Errors in High Resistance MeasurementsWhen you are measuring large resistances, significant errors can occ

86 34450A Users Guide3 Measurement Tutorial Thermal EMF caused by dissimilar metals can create a parasitic voltage in the measurement circuit (VEMF).

Measurement Tutorial 3 34450A Users Guide 87True RMS AC MeasurementsTrue RMS responding multimeters, like the 34450A, measure the “heating” potential

88 34450A Users Guide3 Measurement Tutorial is a DC voltage content, which is rejected by Agilent’s AC- coupled true rms measurements. This can provi

Measurement Tutorial 3 34450A Users Guide 89Notice that crest factor is a composite parameter, dependent upon the pulse- width and repetition frequenc

34450A User’s Guide XIIn This Guide…This guide contains information to install the Agilent 34450A 5½ Digit Multimeter.1 Getting Started TutorialThis c

90 34450A Users Guide3 Measurement Tutorial The table above gives an additional error for each waveform, to be added to the value from the accuracy t

Measurement Tutorial 3 34450A Users Guide 91Other Primary Measurement FunctionsFrequency measurement errorsThe multimeter uses a reciprocal counting t

92 34450A Users Guide3 Measurement Tutorial DC current measurementsWhen you connect the multimeter in series with a test circuit to measure current,

Measurement Tutorial 3 34450A Users Guide 93Capacitance measurementsThe multimeter implements capacitance measurements by applying a known current to

94 34450A Users Guide3 Measurement Tutorial The values of capacitance and loss resistance measured with the multimeter may differ from the values mea

Measurement Tutorial 3 34450A Users Guide 95Temperature measurementsThe multimeter measures temperature by measuring the temperature sensitive resista

96 34450A Users Guide3 Measurement Tutorial Other Sources of Measurement ErrorLoading Errors (AC volts)In the AC voltage function, the input of the m

Measurement Tutorial 3 34450A Users Guide 97Temperature changes inside the multimeter due to self- heating may cause additional error on other AC volt

98 34450A Users Guide3 Measurement Tutorial Most extraneous noise is not correlated with the input signal. You can determine the error as shown below

99Agilent TechnologiesAgilent 34450A 5 ½ Digit MultimeterUser’s Guide4SpecificationsTest Considerations 100DC Specifications 101AC Specification

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100 34450A User’s Guide4 Specifications Test ConsiderationsThese specifications apply when using the 34450A in an environment that is free of electro

Specifications 4 34450A User’s Guide 101DC Specifications Specifications are for 90 minutes warm- up time, slow mode, and operating temperature within

102 34450A User’s Guide4 Specifications Continuity [3]1000 Ω 0.5 mA - 0.05 + 0.03 0.005 + 0.005Diode Test[4]1.0000 V 0.5 mA - 0.05 + 0.03 0.005 + 0.0

Specifications 4 34450A User’s Guide 103AC SpecificationsSpecifications are for 90 minutes warm- up time, slow mode, and operating temperature within

104 34450A User’s Guide4 Specifications Table 4- 3 Frequency accuracy ± (% of reading + count) Function Range Frequency 1 Year 23 °C ± 5 °CTemperat

Specifications 4 34450A User’s Guide 105Temperature and Capacitance Specifications Specifications are for 90 minutes warm- up time, slow mode and oper

106 34450A User’s Guide4 Specifications Operating SpecificationsTable 4- 6 Operating specifications on single display (approximate) Function Resolut

Specifications 4 34450A User’s Guide 107Diode 4.5 0.1 - - 190 117 38Continuity 4.5 0.1 - - 165 111 33Temperature 4.5 0.5 - - 4.2 4.2 3[1] Time to chan

108 34450A User’s Guide4 Specifications Supplemental measurement specificationsTable 4- 7 Supplemental measurement specifications DC Voltage• Measur

Specifications 4 34450A User’s Guide 109Continuity / Diode Test• Measurement Method:• Uses 0.5 mA ± 0.2% constant current source• Response Time:• Con

34450A User’s Guide XIIIContentsFigures XVIITables XIX1 Getting Started Tutorial 1The Front Panel at a Glance 2The display at a gl

110 34450A User’s Guide4 Specifications AC Voltage• Measurement Method:• AC coupled true-RMS - measures the AC component with up to 400 VDC bias any

Specifications 4 34450A User’s Guide 111• Input Protection:• 750 V rms on all ranges (HI terminal)Math Functions• Null, dBm, dB, Min/Max/Avg, Hold, Li

112 34450A User’s Guide4 Specifications General CharacteristicsTable 4- 8 General characteristicsPower Supply• 100 V/120 V(127 V)/220 V(230 V)/240 V

Specifications 4 34450A User’s Guide 113Shock and Vibration• Tested to IEC/EN 60086-2Dimension (H×W×D)• Rack: 88.5 mm × 212.6 mm × 272.3 mm• Bench: 10

114 34450A User’s Guide4 Specifications To calculate total measurement errorThe multimeter’s accuracy specifications are expressed in the form: ( %

Specifications 4 34450A User’s Guide 115Accuracy specificationsTransfer AccuracyTransfer accuracy refers to the error introduced by the multimeter due

116 34450A User’s Guide4 Specifications Configuring for highest accuracy measurementsThe measurement configurations shown below assume that the multi

© Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2012–2013Third Edition, July 21, 201334450-90000www.agilent.comAgilent TechnologiesContact usTo obtain service, warranty

XIV 34450A User’s GuideContents Selecting a Range 24Remote Operation 25USB interface 25Serial interface 26GPIB IEEE-488 (Optional)

Contents 34450A User’s Guide XVData Logging 65Viewing the log info 69Viewing the log list 70Viewing the log histogram 71Viewing th

XVI 34450A User’s GuideContents Temperature and Capacitance Specifications 105Operating Specifications 106Supplemental measurement specifica

34450A User’s Guide XVIIFiguresFigure 1-1 34450A front panel 2Figure 1-2 Typical single display screen 3Figure 1-3 Typical dual display s

XVIII 34450A User’s GuideFigures Figure 2-5 Trigger in connector 62Figure 2-6 Trigger out connector 63Figure 3-1 Common Mode Rejection (C

34450A User’s Guide XIXTablesTable 1-1 Display annunciators 4Table 1-2 Keypad functions 6Table 1-3 License details 9Table 2-1 Math

II 34450A User’s GuideNotices© Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2012–2013No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form or by any means (including ele

XX 34450A User’s GuideTables THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.34450A UG.book Page XX Tuesday, July 23, 2013 2:43 PM

1Agilent TechnologiesAgilent 34450A 5½ Digit MultimeterUser’s Guide1Getting Started TutorialThe Front Panel at a Glance 2The Keypad at a Glance

2 34450A User’s Guide1 Getting Started Tutorial The Front Panel at a GlanceFigure 1-1 34450A front panel1423581171096DisplayPower ON/OFF SwitchMeasur

Getting Started Tutorial 1 34450A User’s Guide 3The display at a glanceSingle display screenFigure 1-2 Typical single display screenDual display scree

4 34450A User’s Guide1 Getting Started Tutorial Table 1-1 Display annunciators System Annunciator DescriptionSample annunciator - indicates readings

Getting Started Tutorial 1 34450A User’s Guide 5Shift key has been pressedFixed range is selected for secondary functionAuto-ranging is selected for s

6 34450A User’s Guide1 Getting Started Tutorial The Keypad at a GlanceThe operation for each key is shown in Table 1- 2 below. Pressing a measurement

Getting Started Tutorial 1 34450A User’s Guide 7• Press to adjust range• Press to adjust values > Press to access utility menu. See “Using the Uti

8 34450A User’s Guide1 Getting Started Tutorial Measurement - related functionsPress to enable null function. See “Null measurement” on page 33Press

Getting Started Tutorial 1 34450A User’s Guide 9Feature UpgradesThere are two licenses, listed in Table 1- 3, which are available for purchase:Table

34450A User’s Guide IIISafety SymbolsThe following symbols on the instrument and in the documentation indicate precautions that must be taken to maint

10 34450A User’s Guide1 Getting Started Tutorial The Rear Panel at a GlanceFigure 1-5 Rear panel at a glance13254678 9107Serial Interface ConnectorUS

Getting Started Tutorial 1 34450A User’s Guide 11Making MeasurementsThe following pages show how to make measurement connections and how to select mea

12 34450A User’s Guide1 Getting Started Tutorial Digit maskingThe navigation keypad provides a shortcut to mask (change the number of digits displaye

Getting Started Tutorial 1 34450A User’s Guide 13Selecting current input terminals and measurement rangeIf AC or DC current is being measured in auto-

14 34450A User’s Guide1 Getting Started Tutorial Figure 1-6 ACV rms and DCV terminal connection and displayTypical ACV Measurement DisplayTypical DCV

Getting Started Tutorial 1 34450A User’s Guide 15Measuring resistance• Measurement Range: 100.000 Ω,, 1.00000 kΩ,, 10.0000 kΩ,, 100.000 kΩ, 1.00000 MΩ

16 34450A User’s Guide1 Getting Started Tutorial Measuring AC (RMS) or DC current up to 100 mA• Measurement Range (AC): 10.0000 mA, 100.000 mA• Measu

Getting Started Tutorial 1 34450A User’s Guide 17Measuring AC (RMS) or DC current up to 10 A• Measurement Range (AC): 1.00000 A, 10.0000 A• Measuremen

18 34450A User’s Guide1 Getting Started Tutorial Measuring frequency for voltage• Measurement Range: 100.000 mV, 1.00000 V, 10.0000 V, 100.000 V, 750

Getting Started Tutorial 1 34450A User’s Guide 19Measuring frequency for current• Measurement Range: 10.0000 mA, 100.000 mA, 1.00000 A, 10.0000 A. Ran

IV 34450A User’s GuideRegulatory MarkingsThe CE mark is a registered trademarkof the European Community. This CEmark shows that the product complieswi

20 34450A User’s Guide1 Getting Started Tutorial Testing continuity• Measurement Method: 0.5 mA ± 0.2% constant current source• Response Time: 165 sa

Getting Started Tutorial 1 34450A User’s Guide 21Checking diodes• Measurement Method: Uses 0.5 mA ± 0.2% constant current source • Response Time: 190

22 34450A User’s Guide1 Getting Started Tutorial Measuring temperature• Measurement Range: –80.0 °C to 150.0 °C, –110.0 °F to 300.0 °F• Measurement M

Getting Started Tutorial 1 34450A User’s Guide 23Measuring capacitance• Measurement Range: 1.000 nF, 10.00 nF, 100.0 nF, 1.000 µF, 10.00 µF, 100.0 µF,

24 34450A User’s Guide1 Getting Started Tutorial Selecting a RangeYou can let the multimeter automatically select the range using autoranging, or you

Getting Started Tutorial 1 34450A User’s Guide 25Remote OperationUSB interface21345 6 Press to exit Remote stateAutomatically shows the remote state w

26 34450A User’s Guide1 Getting Started Tutorial Serial interfaceThe 5- pin male connector on the meter’s rear panel is a serial port or terminal to

Getting Started Tutorial 1 34450A User’s Guide 27The connecting diagram and setup procedure are shown in “Serial interface connector diagram” and “RS2

28 34450A User’s Guide1 Getting Started Tutorial Code compatibility modeThe 34450A includes a code compatibility mode. This mode saves time and effor

Getting Started Tutorial 1 34450A User’s Guide 29• You can query the SCPI version from the remote interface only.• The SCPI version is returned in the

34450A User’s Guide VGeneral Safety InformationThe following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation, service, and

30 34450A User’s Guide1 Getting Started Tutorial 34450A UG.book Page 30 Tuesday, July 23, 2013 2:43 PM

31Agilent TechnologiesAgilent 34450A 5½ Digit MultimeterUser’s Guide2Functions and FeaturesMath Operations 32The Dual Display 44Using the Utilit

32 34450A User’s Guide2 Functions and Features Math OperationsTable 2- 1 below describes the math operations that can be used with each measurement f

Functions and Features 2 34450A User’s Guide 33Null measurementWhen making null measurements, also called relative measurement, each reading is the di

34 34450A User’s Guide2 Functions and Features Figure 2-1 Accessing the null measurementAfter you enable the null operation, the multimeter stores th

Functions and Features 2 34450A User’s Guide 35Hold measurementThe hold feature allows you to capture and hold a stable reading on the front panel dis

36 34450A User’s Guide2 Functions and Features Limit measurementThe limit operation allows you to perform pass/fail testing against specified upper a

Functions and Features 2 34450A User’s Guide 37Accessing math menuThe math operation can be enabled using the following steps:Math menu display12Press

38 34450A User’s Guide2 Functions and Features Editing single statisticsThe single statistics can be edited using the following steps:Select STATS (S

Functions and Features 2 34450A User’s Guide 39Editing all statisticsThe all statistics in the math operation can be edited using the following steps:

VI 34450A User’s GuideProtection LimitsThe Agilent 34450A 5½ Digital Multimeter provides protection circuitry to prevent damage to the instrument and

40 34450A User’s Guide2 Functions and Features Editing dB measurementWhen enabled, the dB operation computes the dBm value for the next reading, stor

Functions and Features 2 34450A User’s Guide 41Editing dBm measurementThe logarithmic dBm (decibels relative to one milliwatt) scale is often used in

42 34450A User’s Guide2 Functions and Features Math annunciatorsTable 2- 2 below shows the possible math annunciators which can appear on the display

Functions and Features 2 34450A User’s Guide 43Editing valuesFor math functions with editable values, the label “PRESS MATH TO EDIT” will be shown at

44 34450A User’s Guide2 Functions and Features The Dual Display Most measurement functions have predefined range or measurement capabilities that can

Functions and Features 2 34450A User’s Guide 45Table 2- 4 Measurement operation frequencies for DCV-ACIFor more information , please refer to Chapter

46 34450A User’s Guide2 Functions and Features For remote operation, refer to the DISPlay:WINDow2 commands in the Agilent 34450A Programmer’s Referen

Functions and Features 2 34450A User’s Guide 47Using the Utility Menu The Utility menu allows you to customize a number of non- volatile instrument co

48 34450A User’s Guide2 Functions and Features Table 2- 5 Utility menu available settings Feature Default Available Settings Description Remote Com

Functions and Features 2 34450A User’s Guide 49CALIBRATION SECURE SECURE or UNSECTo secure or unsecure the calibration adjustments to the instrument.

34450A User’s Guide VIIEnvironmental ConditionsThis instrument is designed for indoor use and in an area with low condensation. The table below shows

50 34450A User’s Guide2 Functions and Features Below are the steps you should follow if you want to edit any of the values on the utility menu:1356Pa

Functions and Features 2 34450A User’s Guide 51RS232 utility sub-menuTo enable the RS232 option, follow the steps below. For a list of RS232 settings,

52 34450A User’s Guide2 Functions and Features Table 2- 6 RS232 utility sub-menuOption Default SettingAvailable Settings DescriptionBAUD RATE 9600 3

Functions and Features 2 34450A User’s Guide 53GPIB Utility Sub-MenuTo activate GPIB, first, turn on the GPIB option. The following pop- up message wi

54 34450A User’s Guide2 Functions and Features Reading error messages To read error messages from the front panel, perform the following procedures.

Functions and Features 2 34450A User’s Guide 55The beeperNormally, the multimeter beeps whenever certain conditions are met (for example, the multimet

56 34450A User’s Guide2 Functions and Features Storing and Recalling Instrument StatesThe present multimeter state, including all settings for measur

Functions and Features 2 34450A User’s Guide 57For remote operation, refer to the MEMory Subsystem, the *SAV, and *RCL commands in the Agilent 34450A

58 34450A User’s Guide2 Functions and Features Reset/Power-On StateThe table below summarizes the 34450A settings as received from the factory, follo

Functions and Features 2 34450A User’s Guide 59Reading Output Buffer [1]Cleared ClearedError Queue [1]Cleared Cleared if power cyclePower-on Status Cl

VIII 34450A User’s GuideWaste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive 2002/96/ECThis instrument complies with the WEEE Directive (2002/96

60 34450A User’s Guide2 Functions and Features Triggering the MultimeterAt power- on, the default trigger source is auto- triggering. Auto- triggerin

Functions and Features 2 34450A User’s Guide 61Software (Bus) TriggeringThe bus trigger mode is available from the remote interface only.The bus trigg

62 34450A User’s Guide2 Functions and Features External TriggerExternal triggering takes one reading (or the specified number of readings in data log

Functions and Features 2 34450A User’s Guide 63In data log/external trigger mode, a trigger out signal is sent whenever a measurement is log/triggered

64 34450A User’s Guide2 Functions and Features measurement. Trigger out and manual trigger implement a standard hardware handshake sequence between m

Functions and Features 2 34450A User’s Guide 65Data LoggingThe data logger feature provides a front- panel interface that allows you to set up data lo

66 34450A User’s Guide2 Functions and Features Below are the steps to enable data logging:21Typical data log menu display63457Move cursor to enable l

Functions and Features 2 34450A User’s Guide 67Table 2- 8 Data log menu options Option Available settings DescriptionTRIGGER DELAY0 to 3600 seconds D

68 34450A User’s Guide2 Functions and Features To edit the trigger delay, sample interval, sample count, and trigger count in the data log menu, foll

Functions and Features 2 34450A User’s Guide 69Viewing the log infoLog info page shows the record number of the log data, function, and range for the

34450A User’s Guide IXAdditional NoticesThe Agilent 34450A is provided with an Agilent 34138A Test Lead Set, described below.Test Lead RatingsTest Lea

70 34450A User’s Guide2 Functions and Features Viewing the log listTo view the log list, follow the steps below:214568710-aTypical log view menu disp

Functions and Features 2 34450A User’s Guide 71Viewing the log histogramTo view the log histogram, follow the steps below:2Typical log view menu displ

72 34450A User’s Guide2 Functions and Features Viewing the log statisticsTo view the log statistics, follow the steps below:2Typical log view menu di

Functions and Features 2 34450A User’s Guide 73Fluke 45/Fluke 8808A Code Compatibility ModeThe code compatibility mode enables the user to enter remot

74 34450A User’s Guide2 Functions and Features Notes for Fluke 45/Fluke 8808A code compatibility mode• When the code compatibility function is enable

75Agilent TechnologiesAgilent 34450A 5 ½ Digit MultimeterUser’s Guide3Measurement TutorialDC Measurement Considerations 76Noise Rejection 77Meas

76 34450A Users Guide3 Measurement Tutorial DC Measurement ConsiderationsThermal EMF ErrorsThermoelectric voltages are the most common source of erro

Measurement Tutorial 3 34450A Users Guide 77Noise RejectionRejecting Power- Line Noise VoltagesA desirable characteristic of integrating analog- to- d

78 34450A Users Guide3 Measurement Tutorial Noise Caused by Magnetic LoopsIf you are making measurements near magnetic fields, take caution to avoid

Measurement Tutorial 3 34450A Users Guide 79Figure 3-2 Noise caused by ground loopsThe best way to eliminate ground loops is to isolate the multimeter